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An American Family History

The 1821 Uprising

 

The Whiteboys, Rockites, or Levellers were names used for secret Irish agrarian organizations in 18th-century Ireland. They used violent tactics to defend tenant farmers' land rights. Their name came from the white shirts the members wore in their raids. They sought to address excessive rents, tithe collection, excessive priests' dues, and evictions.

One raid was in Limerick on August 15, 1821. The Whiteboys planned to burn the tithe books, which were held at the house of Tithe Proctor John Ives, near Askeaton. Terence Moran (1791) was the leader of this raid. There were about 200 men in white shirts with blackened faces. He was, according to a current newspaper account, "attired in a most conspicuous manner, with a white dress, a cocked-hat and feathers."

The raid was doomed to failure. An informer, believed to have been Mickey Frawley, warned the chief magistrate, Major Richard Going. The men crossed the river Deel to Inchirourke. Moran led his men to the Curragh-house, the seat of Sir Aubrey De Vere Hunt, Bart. They were ambushed by Major Going who was inside with a detachtment of highlanders and Palatine mercenaries who were outside. Moran was badly wounded in the first volley, but escaped only to die in a house in Barrigone. Constable Thomas Manning was killed.

Most of the insurgents fled, but three wounded men remained: Hayes from Askeaton, Fitzgerald, from Rathkeale and O' Callaghan Darby from Cappagh. The others were chased by the authorities.

In the morning, one of the wounded men was discovered by a servant girl who betrayed him. The authorities captured all three of the wounded. They were to Rathkeale bridge where they were interred in a deep pit and covered with quick lime. Accounts differ as to weather they were alive when interred.

Three other men were captured, Michael Moran, Michael Halloran, and Michael Fitzgerald. They were tried for murder. Michael Moran was acquitted and other two were sentenced to death by hanging.

In the following days, Going paid £1,600 to informers and transportations and executions follwoed. The leader of the Askeaton insurrection,

This event led to the Irish rising in west Limerick and the assassination of Major Going.

"In 1823 a James Fitzgibbon was tried with a Patrick Neville for murdering Richard Going and in spite of being ably defended by Daniel O'Connell, they were convicted and executed."

County Limerick, is in the Mid-West Ireland and is part of the province of Munster.
 

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transcribed by Jim Castellan

Limerick Chronicle, Saturday, August 18th, 1821:
LIMERICK, SATURDAY, AUGUST 18.
Engagement between the County Limerick Police, and a party of nightly Marauders.

On Wednesday night, upwards of two hundred misguided wretches, mostly armed, many of them mounted on horseback, and the entire dressed in white shirts, surrounded the house of Mr. John Ives, Tithe-Proctor, at Inchirourke, near Askeaton.

After dragging him out of the house on the high-way, they proceeded to administer oaths, prohibiting him from ever interfering in tithe business; and while thus employed, a party of Mr. Going's Police, consisting of seventeen Sub-Constables, under the command of Thomas Doolan, Esq. Chief Peace Officer, approached the house, having received private information in Rathkeale that such proceedings would take place during the night.

On being challenged by Mr. Doolan, and commanded to surrender, they drew up in regular line for battle, and immediately commenced firing on the Police, by an order from their leader. In that discharge, one of the Police, named Thomas Manning, was shot dead. Mr. Doolan instantly ordered his party to fire in return, which was quickly obeyed, and a regular volley obliged the assailants to break line and disperse in all directions. A charge was then made by the Police, who succeeded in taking three prisoners, in full costume; two were also found dead, similarly attired. A pursuit after the fugatives took place, and many skirmishes occurred, in which upwards of sixty shots were fired by the Police.

From every information that can be collected, great numbers have been wounded , and, we are told, several dead bodies are concealed in the neighborhood. Those found by the Police, in the first instance, were taken to Rathkeale, where they were interred on Thursday, without coffins, in a large hole dug up by their companions, in a piece of waste ground, near the Guard-house. The two prisoners were compelled by Mr. Going to perform all offices at the burial -- after digging the hole, they were obliged to bear the bodies and place them beneath, and afterwards to shake quick-lime plentifully over them.

Another of the gang died last night in a hut on the mountain, where he had been removed from the scene of the action; his name is Moran, and was brother to one of the prisoners in custody -- he was shot through the abdomen. Many more would have been shot by the Police, but after the first volley, the fellows all dismounted and took shelter behind their horses.

The road in the neighborhood of Askeaton present a most horrid appearance --- streams of blood in various parts, and the different gaps, across which the wounded were borne away, are all besmeared with blood.

There were fifteen horses brought into Rathkeale by the Police, upon which those wretches were mounted, but had deserted --- many of them were dreadfully wounded. A considerable number of spits, old scythes and some firearms, were brought into Rathkeale by the Police.

On the return of Mr. Doolan's party to Rathkeale, on Thursday, there was a meeting of Magistrates sitting in the Sessions-House, and who had been called a few days previous, to take into considration the state of that part of the County.

A Resolution of Thanks was immediately voted to Mr. Doolan, and the Police under his command, for the very spirited and determined conduct which they evinced on this occasion, the result of which, it is hoped, will have a happy and lasting effect on the peace of the County.

Mr. Doolan missed fired twice at the leader of the gang, his pistol having got wet. He was very close to him at the time, and would certainly have shot him dead, had the pistol gone off.

Before the Police came near Ives's house, there were regular sentinels placed at different points to give the main body notice of any alarm. When they were challenged, the answer was, "We are Christians."

After the volley fired by the Police, the Captain, or Leader of the gang, who was attired in a most conspicuous manner, with a white dress, a cocked-hat and feathers, endeavoured to rally his troops, but without effect.

It is supposed, from the numbers, that the Police would have suffered severly, were it not for the extreme wetness of the night, which must have had its effect upon the fire-arms, with which they seemd to be well stocked.

Yesterday a strong cavalry detachment of the Police, well equipped, convoyed three of this notable gang to the County Jail -- they were brought in on horseback, and exactly in the dress as when taken. Their names are, Michael Moran, Michael Halloran, and Michael Fitz-Gerald. One of them, we are told, is willing to give full information against the entire party.

The Sub-Sheriff, in remonstrating with the prisoners while in the yard of the County Jail, asked them whether they had not been at prayers last Sunday, and whether they had not heard a very strong and impressive exhortation from the Clregyman, to desist from illegal proceedings, which were freely answered in the affirmative.

The committal of those persons, by Richard Going, Esq. Chief Magistrate of Police, runs thus:

"For being three of a Body of armed Rebels, (consisting of about 200), apprehended on the night of the 15th instant, at Inchirourke, near Askeaton, in an engagement between said Rebels and the Vounty of Limerick Police, in which Thomas Manning, Sub-Constable was shot dead."

Yesterday, a strong party of the Police went to Askeaton and Newbridge, in search of some of the wounded persons; we have not yet heard whether they discovered any.
Inquests were held on the bodies by Mr. Cox, Coroner.


 
 

Insurrection Act- Returns from the Clerks of the Crown (up to April 1823)

Prisoner's names, County of Limerick

Edward Markham.
Patrick Barrett.
Andrew Kennedy.
John Enright.
Michael Danaher.
James Shire.
Patrick Corbett.
Michael Naughtiu.
Michael Maley.
Daniel Neile.
Michael Neile.
Thomas Walsh.
John Murphy.
Patrick Walsh.
Patrick Fitz Gerald.
James Lenehan.
Edward Loughlin.
Thomas Shaughnessey,
Mortough Sullivan.
Michael Carroll.
James Crotty.
Timothy Kerney.
John McAuliffe.
James Roche.
David Donovan.
William Scully.
William Nix.
Maurice Crosby.
Michael Neile, or Summers.
Rieh aid Barry.
Patrick Shaughnessey.
John Moran.
Thomas Driscoll.
Daniel Kilbridge.
Edward Sheehy.
James Buckley.
Philip Hogan.
John Shine.
George Preston.
John Hickey.
Patrick Lysath.
John Molony.
Michael Dalton.
Patrick Keeffe.
Thomas Connors.
Michael Cuddihy.
William Daly.
Denis Mulqueen
Patrick Byrne.
Michael Hegarty.
William Hanrahan.
John McEniry.
Daniel McCoy.
David Jourdan.
Peter Keeffe.
Patrick Rollisson.
John Neville.
John Collins.
James Hickey.
James Speering.
Thomas Deely.
Connor Ward.-
Patrick McMuhon.
John Bluett.
Edmond Fitz Gerald.
John Nunan.
John Darcy.
John Ryan.
Denis Kyan.
Patrick Browne.
John Molony, Jr..
Martin Flinn.
Denis Murphy.
James Hüliard.
William Hüliard.
Daniel Sullivan.
James Brien.
Bryan Rourke.
Edmond Fitz Gerald.
John Nunan.
John Hanrahan.
Darby Halpin.
Thady Scanlan.
William Cannasane.
George Mulcahy.
Marcus Quinlivan.
John Ready.
Michael Connell.
John Meara.
Thomas Quaid.
Pauick Keeffe.
Edward Ahern.
James Kelly.
John Fitz Gerald.
James Fitz Gerald.
Patiick Hayes.
Denis Gleeson, Jr..
George Manning.
Denis Gleeson.
Patrick Greene.
John Lynch.
James Fitz Gerald.
John Quinlan.
Maurice Fitz Gerald.
Edward Mann.
Patrick Lillis.
Edmond Lillis.
Michael Hanrahan.
Owen O'Neile.
William Halloran.
Morgan Donohoe.
John Farrell.
James Hair.
John Hair.
Michael Dillon.
Patrick Shine.
James Keely.
William Doolan.
Patrick Doolan.
John McCarthy.
Michael Houlihan.
Patrick Sheermau.
James Houlihan.
John Walsh.
Denis Gormon.
Michael Caithy.
Patrick Mc'Mahon.
John Doolan.
Michael Minehan.
Denis Gorman.
John O'Brien.
Maurice Savage.
John Purtill.
John Nester.
Edward O'Neül.
James Condon.
James Lynch.
Thady Lynch.
James Cruise.
John Hartnett.
Michael Heffernan.
Patrick Gallivan.
Denis McAuliffe.
John HefFernan.
Timothy Collins.
Martin Cregan.
Daniel Madigan.
Denis Madigan.
John Stephenson, sen.
John Stephenson.
William Long.
Daniel McMahon.
Daniel Ward.
Peter Sullivan.
Martin Collopy.
Bartholomew Long.
Patrick Browne.
Dennis Connors.
Darby Dillon.
Patrick Nowlon.
John Hanrahan.
John Dinneen,
Patrick Hayes.
Patrick Busted.
William Busted.
Patrick Walsh.
John McMahon.
Martin Moore.
William Fitz Gerald.
Patrick Sheehan.
Eleanor Galligan.
Mary Barry.
Patrick Sheahan.
John Shanahan.
Darby Doorty.
Thomas Kiely.
Daniel Horan.
Patiick O'Connors.
John White.
John Ready.
Maurice Ready.
James Fitz Gibbon.
Daniel Hennessey.
Edmond Gibbon.
Daniel McCoy.
Thomas Windle.
Daniel McMahon.
John Dalton.
Thomas Dalton.
Robin Riedy.
Thomas Dooiy.
James Coakley.
Thomas Hurley.
Laurence Brennan.
James Shanahan.
Thomas Dea
Michael Sullivan.
Daniel Foley.
James Fitzpatrick.
Hugh O'Donnell.
Thomas Cahill.
John Sheahan.
John Caimody.
Patrick McMahon.
Patrick Keating.
Maurice Ahern.
Patrick Cunningham.
Edmond Kennelly.
Patrick Ahern.
Edmond Wholohan.
Patiick Shcehy.
Timothy Quinn.
Patrick Lynch.
John Fitz Gerald.
John Trehy.
Patrick Maus;ane.
John Maugane.
Timothy Sullivan.
Patrick Conneely.
Andrew Conneely.
John Crowe.
Daniel McCarthy.
Cornelius Hannon, or Connors.
John Harty.
Thomas Reagan.
William Walsh.
William Kenny.
William Lynch.
David Dunworth.
Patrick Lyons.
Michael Lyons.
James Wall.
Michael Slattery.
James M^Namaia.
Thomas M^Namara.
Patrick Quinn.
Robert Hedderman.
Patrick Ahern.
John Kennedy.
Maurice Ahern.
Bartholomew HefFernan.
William Kelly.
William Hickey.
Patrick O'Neill.
Michael Walsh.
John Bouike.
Daniel Mulcahy.
Moses McCarthy.
David Reordon.
James Donohue.
Andrew Dronegan.
Thomas Fitz Gerald.
Daniel Hennessey.
Edward O'Whelan.
Denis Hayes.
Michael Conneely.
Daniel Neville.
John Lynch.
John Sheahan.
Patrick Shaughnessey.
Timothy Costelloe.
Michael Fitz Gerald.
Michael Quinlivan.
William Crimmin.
Thomas Angline.
William Walsh
John Cavanagh.
James O'Donnell.
Michael Walsh.
John Shanahan.
Maurice Reordon.
Jeremiah Halfpenny.
270 Michael Lyons.
340 John Leddin.
271 Daniel Dempsey.
34i Timothy Quaine.
272 Margaret Dempsey.
342 Laurence Sullivan.
273 Patrick Byrns.
343 Patrick Cahill.
274 James Roberts.
344 Michael Nelligan.
275 Connor Reagan.
345 James Rvan.
S76 Thomas Molony.
346 John Wall.
277 Daniel Sullivan.
347 Michael Connors.
278 Thomas Allan.
348 James Ahern.
279 John Spellane.
349 John Mullane.
280 John Connors.
35o Patrick Herbert.
281 Richard Howell.
35i Michael Reagan.
282 Michael McMahon.
352 Bartholomew Long.
283 John Curtayne.
353 Daniel Sweeny.
284 Patrick Morgan.
354 Thomas Collins.
285 John Kelleher.
335 Edmond Flanagan.
286 William Dwyer.
356 James McEnerney.
287 John Fitz Gerald.
357 Michael Connors.
288 Thomas Molony.
358 Daniel Leahy.
289 John Murphy.
359 Michael Lyons.
290 John Stokes.
360 William McCarthy.
291 Michael Sheehan.
361 Peter Doolan.
292 David Wallace, Jr.
362 Michael Collins
293 James Fitzmaurice.
363 Michael Flinn.
294 John Mullane.
364 James Hanley.
295 John Danaher.
365 Jame» Fitz Gibbon.
296 Thomas Murphy.
366 Thomas Boyle.
297 Benjamin Noonan.
367 Michael Frawley.
298 John Hallinan.
368 Patrick Galvm.
299 Edmond Hogan.
369 Owen Donnolly.
300 Patrick Hastings.
3/0 John Riely.
301 Patrick Sheehy.
37i Daniel Connell.
302 Patrick Brouder.
372 John Mulvihill.
303 James Airy.
373 Michael Mulvihill.
304 Michael Kelly.
374 Henry Walsh.
305 John Mahony.
375 Maurice Dooly.
306 Timothy Carthy.
376 David Mullane.
307 Michael Coffee.
377 Maurice Fitz Gerald.
308 Edmond Coopley.
378 Patrick O'Brien.
309 Pierce Roche.
379 Jeremiah Mulcahy.
310 William Keane.
380 Maurice Ahern.
311 Maurice Fines.
381 Cornelius Wall.
312 James Cotter.
382 Bartholomew Long.
313 William Barrett.
383 John Douglas.
314 Philip Walsh.
384 Michael Condon.
315 James Bourke.
385 Bartholomew Kennelly.
316 Patrick Brinn.
386 James Bums.
317 James Brinn.
387 Denis Dwyer.
318 Daniel Meehan.
388 Michael Downey.
319 Denis Hinchy.
389 James McCarthy.
320 John Hanly.
39o Thomas Chaulke.
321 John O'Donnell.
39i John Riedy.
322 James Ambrose.
392 James Blake.
323 William Casey.
393 Timothy Tierney.
324 Patrick Madigan.
394 Timothy Curtain.
325 Thomas Barry.
395 Michael Frawley.
326 Michael Barry.
396 James Sullivan.
327 Edmond Connolly.
397 Thomas Canty.
328 John Conners.
398 John Purtill.
329 Cornelius Moran.
399 Denis Kennelly.
330 Mathew Murphy.
400 Patrick Connors.
331 Denis Dinneen.
401 James Dore.
332 James Russell.
402 Michael Danaher.
333 James Fitzmaurice.
403 Daniel Cronican.
334 William Andrews.
404 James Power.
335 Cornelius Ryan.
405 John Long.
336 James Hickey.
406 Daniel Ryan.
407 William O'Brien.
427 Timothy Connell.

Daniel McCoy.
408 Patrick Hickey.
428 409 Michael Bourke.
429 Patrick Greene.
410 Patrick Quin.
430 Edmond Kennelly.
411 Edward Grady.
431 Hugh Currane.
412 Patrick Grady.
432 William Wolfe.
413 James Grady.
433 John Connell.
414 John Grady.
434 Daniel Meara.
415 Patrick Connors.
435 John Caulfield.
416 Timothy Halloran.
436 Robert Reordon.
417 Edmond Fitz Gibbon.
437 John Dundon.
418 Patrick McGrath.
438 Thomas Newman.
419 Michael Enright, Jr..
439 John Fahy.
420 John Renehan.
440 John Donohue.
421 Miles Fitzpatrick.
44i James Hogan.
422 Edmond O'Donnell.
442 Laurence LahifTe.
423 Francis Hayes.
443 Cornelius Ahern.
424 James Purcell.
444 Edmond Harty.
425 John Hearlehy.
445 Michael Sullivan.
426 John Leary.

City of Limerick Prisoners Tried

1.—Patrick Naughtin
2.—Edward McKnight.
3.—William Daly.
4.—Michael Fitzgerald.
5..—Patrick Curtis.
6.—Robert Hunt.
7.—James O'Donnell.
8.—Michael Ryan. .
9.—-Edmond Nugent.
10.—Michael Downes, Sr.
11.—Maurice Herbert.
12.—Hugh Ryan.
13.—John Collins.
14.—George Makenzie.
15.—John McKenzie.
16.—John Kean.
17.—John Moran.
18.—Michael Enright.
19.—-Patrick Hourigan.
20.—John Halloran.
21.—John Callinan.
22.—Michael Daly.

Persons found guilty of being absent from his dwelling from one hour after sunset and before sunrise

1.—Robert Hunt
2.—Michael Ryan
3.—Maurice Herbert
4.-—Hugh Ryan.
5.—John Moran
6.—John Halloran

 

 
     
 

 

 
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©Roberta Tuller 2023
tuller.roberta@gmail.com
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